tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-75655507336144259362023-11-16T05:25:46.764-08:00Programming DostUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger90125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7565550733614425936.post-67325301700002404162015-10-18T09:54:00.006-07:002015-10-18T09:57:20.748-07:00HTML Tutorials for Free<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Learn how to code or <b>how to make a website</b> with this lovely website and <a href="http://howtocode.pk/category/html-tutorial" target="_blank">HTML tutorials for free</a>.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://howtocode.pk/html-tutorial/how-to-make-a-website" target="_blank">http://howtocode.pk/html-tutorial/how-to-make-a-website</a><br />
<a href="http://howtocode.pk/html-tutorial/how-to-make-a-html-page" target="_blank">http://howtocode.pk/html-tutorial/how-to-make-a-html-page</a><br />
<a href="http://howtocode.pk/html-tutorial/what-html-stands-for-basic-html-page-structure-definition" target="_blank">http://howtocode.pk/html-tutorial/what-html-stands-for-basic-html-page-structure-definition</a><br />
<a href="http://howtocode.pk/html-tutorial/list-of-website-code-creators" target="_blank">http://howtocode.pk/html-tutorial/list-of-website-code-creators</a><br />
<a href="http://howtocode.pk/html-tutorial/html-or-web-page-layout" target="_blank">http://howtocode.pk/html-tutorial/html-or-web-page-layout</a><br />
<a href="http://howtocode.pk/html-tutorial/content-model-in-html5" target="_blank">http://howtocode.pk/html-tutorial/content-model-in-html5</a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7565550733614425936.post-64517639692300131922015-10-03T23:02:00.001-07:002015-10-03T23:02:08.058-07:00write about Online Web Development TrainingIn this course, you will learn HTML 5, CSS 3, PHP, MySQL, jQuery, Javascript and so forth including all that you have to make an inventive, quality and expert site. This is a finished course on HTML 5 and CSS 3. You will take in the expertise sets, as well as, you will include for all intents and purposes in building some super shrewd sites utilizing all the ability sets that you will gain from this course. All through this course, you'll be guided on a regulated premise and be changed from an aggregate amateur to a certain web fashioner who has all the right instruments to start coding sites. You needn't bother with any experience to take this course. <br /><br />View Less . . . <br /><br />Be that as it may, in the event that you have some information, this course will be an incredible refresher on all HTML & CSS nuts and bolts you may have disregarded or overlooked. All through the course, we'll be constructing a modest bunch of scaled down sites as we go. At long last, we will group all our learning, set up them together and assemble a magnificent site. This course will give you gigantic esteem, and give you an ability set that could be extraordinary, and guide you down a vocation way you'll be energetic about. <br /><br />You'll figure out how to manufacture your first site inside of a couple of days with every one of the fundamentals of HTML and CSS. At that point we grow and include upon that learning with more progressed HTML and CSS. Inside of a couple of weeks, you'll have a complete learning and capacity to construct startup quality sites. In the event that you need to catch on quickly you have to really do it, and experience it firsthand. That is precisely what we'll do in this course. Through task based taking in, the course will show you what you have to know keeping in mind the end goal to make awesome sites. <br /><br />The course begins with the basics of HTML and CSS. Continuously, it will show you utilize capable systems and devices, for example, Bootstrap, Font-Awesome, Google Forms and that's just the beginning. You'll take in the standards and practices of the most up to date dialects HTML 5 and CSS 3. The course will show you responsive configuration. You will likewise be proficient style representation and symbols, connections, records, situating, pictures, text styles, foundation properties, and considerably more.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12232230664143316150noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7565550733614425936.post-29920727874602009452015-10-03T22:44:00.001-07:002015-10-03T22:44:22.600-07:00Write about HTML Images - The Tag and the Src AttributeIn HTML, pictures are characterized with the <img> tag. <br /><br />The <img> tag is unfilled, which implies that it contains traits just, and has no end tag. <br /><br />To show a picture on a page, you have to utilize the src quality. Src remains for "source". The estimation of the src trait is the URL of the picture you need to show.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12232230664143316150noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7565550733614425936.post-80413719586686450382015-10-03T22:38:00.001-07:002015-10-03T22:38:32.866-07:00What is a link ( HTML Hyperlinks )A hyperlink (or connection) is a word, gathering of words, or picture that you can tap on to bounce to another report or another area inside of the present archive. <br /><br />When you move the cursor over a connection in a Web page, the bolt will transform into a little hand. <br /><br />Connections are determined in HTML utilizing the <a> tag. <br /><br />The <a> tag can be utilized as a part of two ways: <br /><br />To make a connection to another archive, by utilizing the href trait <br /><br />To make a bookmark inside an archive, by utilizing the name traitAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12232230664143316150noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7565550733614425936.post-16618450075816157242015-10-02T22:34:00.002-07:002015-10-02T22:34:47.604-07:00what is beginner’s guide to data scraping in Python<h2>
Introduction </h2>
New to the python dialect I spent incalculable hours googling instructional exercises on the most proficient method to utilize python yet never truly ran over a genuine amateurs guide for information scratching. Most instructional exercises anticipated that you would be acquainted with specific parts of information mining or html and some were anything but difficult to duplicate and imitate yet didn't generally give you a clarification of what was going on. In this paper I set out to change the greater part of that by making a snappy and simple aide for the individuals who are new to Python and hoping to figure out how to effectively rub information from a site. The last piece of the paper will investigate another sort of information using so as to scratch an expansion for Google's Chrome web program. <br /><br />Like most coding languages there are numerous approaches to do likewise assignment, Python is no special case to this. This aide is only one of numerous ways you can rub fundamental information from a site and ought to just be utilized as a base as a part of which you ought to begin from as you take in the python dialect. <br /><br />How about we begin off with a couple of fundamental terms that we'll have to comprehend before pushing ahead in this aide. <br /><br />HTML Tables – A HTML table is partitioned into columns (with the <tr> tag), and every line is isolated into information cells (with the <td> tag). td remains for "table information," and holds the substance of an information cell. A <td> tag can contain content, connections, pictures, records, structures, and different tables <br /><br />Note: HTML tables are organized simply like tables in exceed expectations and by utilizing python we can without much of a stretch scratch information from tables found on a site and spare the information in an exceed expectations record on a nearby commute. <br /><br />Python Library – A library is a gathering of standard projects and subroutines that are put away and accessible for quick utilize <br /><br />Program Extension - A PC program that expands the usefulness of a web program somAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12232230664143316150noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7565550733614425936.post-15186826446870066852015-10-01T01:49:00.001-07:002015-10-01T01:49:57.856-07:00About HTML Element"HTML labels" and "HTML components" are regularly used to portray the same thing. <br />
<br />
Yet, entirely talking, a HTML component is everything between the begin tag and the end label, including the labels: <br />
<br />
HTML Element:<br />
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12232230664143316150noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7565550733614425936.post-18479814859491231472015-10-01T01:34:00.000-07:002015-10-01T01:34:02.483-07:00About HTML Tags<br />
HTML markup labels are normally called HTML labels <br /><br />HTML labels are essential words (label names) encompassed by edge sections like <html> <br /><br />HTML labels typically come in sets like <b> and </b> <br /><br />The primary tag in a couple is the begin label, the second tag is the end tag <br /><br />The end tag is composed like the begin tag, with a forward slice before the label name <br /><br />Begin and end labels are likewise called opening labels and shutting labels<br />
<tagname>content</tagname>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12232230664143316150noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7565550733614425936.post-21924009048076236632015-10-01T01:30:00.001-07:002015-10-01T01:30:14.936-07:00 What is a HTML?<h2>
</h2>
HTML is a dialect for depicting website pages. <br /><br />HTML remains for Hyper Text Markup Language <br /><br />HTML is a markup dialect <br /><br />A markup dialect is an arrangement of markup labels <br /><br />The labels depict report content <br /><br />HTML archives contain HTML labels and plain content <br /><br />HTML archives are likewise called pagesAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12232230664143316150noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7565550733614425936.post-8509803012715215502015-09-30T23:17:00.001-07:002015-09-30T23:17:32.384-07:00what is beginner’s guide to data scraping in Python<h3>
Introduction </h3>
New to the python dialect I spent endless hours googling instructional exercises on the most proficient method to utilize python yet never truly ran over a genuine apprentices guide for information scratching. Most instructional exercises anticipated that you would be acquainted with specific parts of information mining or html and some were anything but difficult to duplicate and copy however didn't generally give you a clarification of what was going on. In this paper I set out to change the greater part of that by making a brisk and simple aide for the individuals who are new to Python and hoping to figure out how to effectively rub information from a site. The last piece of the paper will investigate another kind of information using so as to scratch an augmentation for Google's Chrome web program. <br /><br />Like most coding languages there are numerous approaches to do likewise undertaking, Python is no special case to this. This aide is only one of numerous ways you can rub essential information from a site and ought to just be utilized as a base as a part of which you ought to begin from as you take in the python dialect. <br /><br />We should begin off with a couple of essential terms that we'll have to comprehend before pushing ahead in this aide. <br /><br />HTML Tables – A HTML table is partitioned into columns (with the <tr> tag), and every line is isolated into information cells (with the <td> tag). td remains for "table information," and holds the substance of an information cell. A <td> tag can contain content, connections, pictures, records, structures, and different tables <br /><br />
Note: HTML tables are organized simply like tables in exceed expectations and by utilizing python we can without much of a stretch scratch information from tables found on a site and spare the information in an exceed expectations document on a nearby commute. <br />
<br />Python Library – A library is an accumulation of standard projects and subroutines that are put away and accessible for quick utilize <br /><br />Program Extension - A PC program that expands the usefulness of a web program somAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12232230664143316150noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7565550733614425936.post-40448201938016950132015-09-28T20:39:00.003-07:002015-09-28T20:48:43.861-07:00What is a Hyperlinks and Bookmarks<h3>
Introduction </h3>
You ought to know how what a hyperlink is and what it is utilized for. On the off chance that you don't, a hyperlink is a bit of content you snap to be taken to another page. A bookmark is a method for bookmarking a point on your page with the goal that you can hyperlink to it. <br />
<br />
<h3>
The <a> Tag </h3>
<br />
The <a> tag is utilized when making hyperlinks and bookmarks. It remains for stay. The capacities are clarified all the more completely beneath. <br />
<br />
<h3>
<a href> </h3>
<br />
To make a hyperlink you have to utilize the href variable of the <a> tag. Href remains for Hyperlink REFerence. To make a bit of content or a picture into a hyperlink you contain it in:<br />
<br />
<a href="pageurlhere">Text Goes In Here</a><br />
<br />
<h3>
Hyperlinks can specify several things:</h3>
<br />
Function Example Code <br /><br />Site page or Site <a href="http://www.webaddress.com/organizer/page"> <br /><br />Neighborhood Page <a href="pagename.html"> <br /><br />Neighborhood Page In A Folder Level Below <a href="foldername/pagename.html"> <br /><br />Neighborhood Page In A Folder Level Above <a href="../pagename.html"> <br /><br />Open E-mail Program With E-mail Addressed <a href="mailto:yourname@yourname.com"> <br /><br />Bookmarked Section <a href="#bookmarkname"> <br /><br />Bookmarked Section In Another Page <a href="pagelocation.htm#bookmarkname"><br />
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
Bookmarks</h3>
<br />
Bookmarks on a page are anything but difficult to make as they likewise utilize the <a> tag. Rather than changing the href variable you utilize the name variable. For instance:<br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: blue;"><a name="top">The First Text In The Page</a></span><br />
<br />
Will make a bookmark called top in the content which the label encompasses. A picture can likewise be contained in this tag. You can then connection to this utilizing a standard hyperlink: <br />
<br />
<br />
<br /><span style="background-color: blue;"> <a href="#top">Back To Top</a></span><br /><br />
<br />
You can name bookmarks anything you like. Bookmarks are exceptionally helpful on pages which are long as they can be utilized to rapidly go to another piece of the page.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12232230664143316150noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7565550733614425936.post-29943202332594481212015-09-28T20:22:00.003-07:002015-09-28T20:51:05.842-07:00 Pictures and Backgrounds<h2>
</h2>
<h3>
Presentation </h3>
pictures are an essential piece of a HTML page. They make it unique in relation to an email or only a printed page. They can be utilized as a configuration component to improve pages look and can be utilized as the foundation to make the page all the more intriguing<br />
<h3>
Pictures </h3>
Pictures are added to pages effortlessly. You should do nothing more than utilize a <img> tag. You must utilize a few variables with it, however, or it will appear: <br />
<br />
Which is not exceptionally accommodating. You must utilize the src= variable to pick the picture to embed. Like a hyperlink this can either be a relative reference or an immediate reference including the site's url. For exampe<br />
<img src="http://www.gowansnet.com/images/gnet.gif">Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12232230664143316150noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7565550733614425936.post-17765414944728244712014-11-26T06:44:00.002-08:002015-02-05T06:12:42.392-08:00Web Development Tutorials For Free<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="utcw-99j93pq tagcloud">
Learn How to code<br />
<i><b>source code</b></i><br />
<a href="http://www.howtocode.pk/" target="_blank">How to code</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://howtocode.pk/category/coding-problems" target="_blank">coding problems</a><br /><br /><a class="tag-link-48 utcw-tag utcw-tag-writing-css-style-sheets" href="http://www.ilmiweb.com/tag/writing-css-style-sheets/" style="font-size: 25.7894736842px;" title="16 topics"></a></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7565550733614425936.post-83512012688081971792014-03-19T11:13:00.001-07:002014-03-19T11:13:13.231-07:00Jscript Function Statement | How To Write Jscript Functions<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]-->
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b>Jscript Function Statement</b>, Jscript Functions Vs <i>Jscript
Functions,</i> <a href="http://programmingdost.blogspot.com//search/label/Learn%20JavaScript" target="_blank">Jscript Functions Example</a>, <b>Jscript Blog.</b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In order to create a JScript, you
only need to open your text editor, create a plain text file, add a few JScript
statements to it, and then save it with a .js file extension. For example,
create a new JScript called my_first_prog.js and add the following statements
to it.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">//Script 1.5 - Your first JScript</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">WScript.Echo("Well To <a href="http://programmingdost.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">ProgrammingDost</a>!");</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The first statement is a comment
that was embedded within the file to document the script's name and purpose.
The second statement displays a text message. The composition of the second
statement is as follows. First the WScript object is referenced. This object is
different from the WScript execution host. Then a method called Echo, which
belongs to the WScript object, is executed and passed the text string "Well
To ProgrammingDost!". Don't worry if this all sounds a little confusing or
overwhelming now. By the time that you get through Sunday evening, you'll
understand how this stuff works. For now, just follow along and focus on the
steps involved in creating and executing your first <b>JScript</b>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">When executed by either the <b>WScript
or CScript</b> execution host, this JScript displays its message. However,
depending on which execution host you choose to use when running the script, the
results will vary significantly.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">If you were to run the scripts directly from the
Windows desktop by double-clicking on it, Windows would, by default, run it
using the WScript execution host. As a result, the script's output would be
displayed in the form of a graphical pop-up dialog.</span></div>
<div class="docnormaltitle">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">NOTE</b></div>
<div class="doctext">
You can also use the WScript execution host to run scripts
from the Windows command prompt,in which case the script will run exactly as if
you had started it from the Windows desktop.</div>
<div class="doctext">
Even some of the most experienced computer users have limited
experience working with the Windows command prompt and little if any
understanding of the Windows commands that are available. However, if you plan
on becoming a serious <b>JScript programmer</b>, you need to get comfortable working
with the Windows shell.</div>
<div class="doctext">
The Windows shell provides a text-based interface between the
user and the operating system. Instead of using the computer's mouse to point
and click your way through the Windows graphical user interface, you work with
the Windows shell by typing in text commands. The Windows shell translates
these commands into a format the operating system can understand. Likewise, the
Windows shell translates any output returned by the operating system into a
format that people can understand.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">You enter commands for the Windows shell to process
by typing them in at the Windows command prompt. For example, on a computer
running Windows XP, you would start up a new Windows shell session by clicking
on Start, All Programs, Accessories, and then Command Prompt.</span></div>
<div class="doctext">
<span class="docemphstrong"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">TIP</b></span></div>
<div class="doctext">
As a shortcut, you can start up a new Windows shell session
and access the Windows command prompt by clicking on Start, Run, typing CMD,
and then clicking on OK.</div>
<div class="docnormaltitle">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">NOTE</b></div>
<div class="doctext">
If your script resides in a folder other than the folder upon
which the Windows shell is currently focused, you must supply the complete path
to the folder where the script is stored. For example, if your script were
stored in <tt><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">C:\Jscripts</span></tt>, then you
would need to use the following command to run it using the WScript execution
host.</div>
<div class="doctext">
<span class="docemphstrong"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">TIP</b></span></div>
<div class="doctext">
If you are faster at the keyboard than you are with your mouse
then you can also close the Command Prompt windows by typing <tt><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">EXIT</span></tt> and pressing the Enter key.</div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7565550733614425936.post-83696724974872951802014-03-19T10:33:00.003-07:002014-03-19T10:33:43.224-07:00Jscript Introduction | What is Jscript<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>What Is A Jscript File</b>, <b>What Is A Jscript Script File,
</b><a href="http://programmingdost.blogspot.com//search/label/Learn%20JavaScript" target="_blank">Jscript Tutorial, Jscript Examples</a>, <i>Jscript Download,</i>
Jscript Array, Jscript Alert.</div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jscript and VBScript are the two
default scripting languages which are supplied by the Microsoft to use with the
WSH (Windows Script Host). Both the languages are pretty much similar to each
other. These are very useful when it comes to the automating small tasks.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="ch01note17"></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">NOTE</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">As you know that the VBScript is
derived from Visual Basic <a href="http://programmingdost.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">programming</a> language. Like <b>JavaScript</b>,VBScript can
also be used for Web page development. However, while Internet Explorer
supports VBScript, it does not work with some browsers like in past with
Netscape. This makes VBScript a less universally accepted scripting language.
In addition, VBScript is proprietary. This means that Microsoft owns it,
whereas the current version of JavaScript and JScript are based on the
ECMAScript standards, so no one company controls its future. As a result, many
people prefer JavaScript and JScript to VBScript.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">There are some easy function in
<b>Jscript and JavaScript</b> to solve complex calculations. But you will find a
better way in VBScript to work with the arrays. People with a JavaScript
background will be able to put together the move to JScript with very little
effort. Similarly, people with a strong Visual Basic programming background may
prefer learning VBScript. Some other third-party scripting languages are
available that also can be used with the WSH. These languages include PERL,
Python and REXX.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="ch01note18"></a></span></div>
<div class="doctext">
<br /></div>
<div class="doctext">
The main reason for using JScript and the WSH (<b><span class="docemphstrong">Windows Script Host</span></b>) is to save you time by
automating system tasks. At the heart of every one of Microsoft's Windows
operating systems is an intuitive <span class="docemphasis">graphical user
interface</span> (GUI). This GUI is designed to make the computer easy to use.
All that you have to do is grab on to the mouse and point and click your way
around.</div>
<div class="doctext">
Unfortunately, the GUI is not well suited to many tasks,
particularly those that are highly repetitious or that involve many steps. For
example, suppose that you are responsible for defining new user accounts on a
shared computer in your department at work, and one day your boss comes in with
a floppy disk containing a file with a list of 100 newly hired employees.</div>
<div class="doctext">
Using the GUI, you'd probably spend hours in front of the
computer defining new user accounts, during which time no one else could use
the computer to get any work done. On the other hand, you could write JScript
and use the <b>WSH</b> to run it in less than an hour. This script could even be
designed to read the file provided by your boss and to create a new user
account for each name stored in the list. Once executed, the script would
create the new user accounts within seconds. Best of all, once it is written,
you could return and run the script again in the future with no additional work
on your part to create new user accounts.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7565550733614425936.post-18567051325028127022014-03-19T10:23:00.000-07:002014-03-19T10:23:52.935-07:00What Is Wsh | What Is Windows Script Host<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 4;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">JavaScript runs in browser with <a href="http://programmingdost.blogspot.com/2013/09/html-heading-tags.html" target="_blank">HTML</a> support. What Is Wsh, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">What Is Wsh Act</b>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">What Is
Wscript</i>, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Windows Script Host</b>,
Windows Script Host Reference, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wsh
Script Example.</b></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The WSH is an optional software element
that supports the execution of scripts on Windows operating systems. It is
tightly coupled with the operating system, meaning that it provides direct
access to a number of Windows resources, including these:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Windows desktop and Start menu</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Windows Quick Launch Bar</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Windows file system</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Local and network printers and drives</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Windows applications</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Windows services</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">User accounts</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The <b>Windows registry</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The WSH gives the most complete
scripting environment available today for all Windows operating systems. When
combined with a scripting language such as<b> JScript</b>, it provides a perfect
platform for developing scripts that can automate virtually any <b>Windows task</b>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Regardless
of which of the Microsoft operating systems you own or support, you will want
to make sure that you have upgraded the version of the WSH that is installed to
the most current version. Microsoft provides access to the most current version
of the WSH through its official scripting Web site,
msdn.microsoft.com/scripting, where you can download WSH for free.</span></div>
<h5>
<span class="docemphstrong"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">A Brief Overview of the WSH Architecture</span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></b></h5>
<div class="doctext">
The WSH provides built-in support for both JScript and
VBScript. In addition, it can support any third-party, WSH-compatible scripting
language, including PERL, Python, and REXX. In the future, third-party software
developers may provide other WSH-compatible scripting languages. Microsoft
designed the WSH to be very extensible, as evidenced by the number of
third-party scripting languages that has already been set up to work with it.
However, because <b>JScript and VBScript</b> are supplied with the WSH, they are the
most commonly used scripting languages.</div>
<div class="doctext">
The WSH is a 32-bit application. Its architecture consists of
three separate layers. First there are the various WSH-supported scripting
engines. These scripting engines interpret script statements and pass them on
to an execution host for processing.</div>
<div class="doctext">
The WSH provides two different execution hosts. The <b>WScript
execution host</b> is designed to support the execution of scripts directly from
the Windows desktop. The CScript execution host, on the other hand, is designed
to support the execution of scripts from the Windows command prompt. Each of
these execution hosts exists as a separate executable file named <tt><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Wscript.exe</span></tt> and <tt><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Cscript.exe</span></tt>, respectively.</div>
<div class="doctext">
With one exception, the WScript and CScript execution hosts
provide the same level of functionality. This exception is the WScript
execution host's capability to enable scripts to display text messages and
collection input from users using graphical pop-up dialogs. This makes the
WScript execution host the proper choice for scripts that need to interact
directly with users. The CScript execution host, on the other hand, generally
is used to run scripts that do not interact with users or to run scripts for users
who are comfortable working from the Windows command prompt. However, the
WScript execution host can be used to run scripts from the command line as
well. Unless your script is designed to generate graphical pop-up dialogs, the
choice of which script execution host to use is completely arbitrary.</div>
<div class="doctext">
The purpose of the WSH core object model is to provide access
to Windows resources. It accomplishes this by defining objects that represent
actual resources. These objects can then be accessed and manipulated by
scripts, thus allowing the scripts to access and manipulate the resources that
the objects represent. Examples of the types of objects that the WSH makes
available include objects that represent Windows shortcuts, files, folders, and
disk drives. The WSH also provides objects that represent network resources
such as network drives and printers. On top of all this, the WSH object model
also provides access to system resources such as Windows events logs and the
Windows registry.</div>
<div class="doctext">
Every object that is presented by the WSH is associated with a
collection of properties and methods. For example, a file is an example of an
object. File objects have file names and file extensions. By accessing these
file object properties, your JScripts can locate files that they want to work
with. In addition, by modifying file object properties, your JScripts can
rename files and change their file types.</div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7565550733614425936.post-24132303675402369892013-10-27T06:20:00.002-07:002013-10-27T06:20:32.424-07:00Include Javascript File in Html<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ways
of Embedding and Integrating JavaScript in the HTML Pages</span></b></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">(</span></b><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><b>js tag, javascript embed tag, embed javascript into html, include javascript file in html, javascript within html, include javascript file, include js file in html, </b></span><b style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">add js file to html)</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">As you know, there are two places
you can put your JavaScripts in an <a href="http://programmingdost.blogspot.com/2013/09/what-is-home-page-of-web-site.html" target="_blank">HTML page</a>: in either the head or body
section. In addition, I have told you that you can either embed JavaScript
directly into the HTML page or reference it in as an external .js file. One
more way you can integrate JavaScript into an HTML page is as a component in an
HTML tag.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">As we already told you that we can
put our JavaScript code in anywhere in <head> or in <body> tags. We
told you that you can embed your code directly or in your code or by saving it
in another file and then referring the web page to get data from that external
file. Here we are going to define how to use both ways of embedding code in an
HTML page.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Using or Embedding JavaScript Code in the Body Section of an
HTML page </span></b></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="" name="ch01lev2sec15"></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">JavaScripts embedded with the <SCRIPT>
and </SCRIPT> tags can be placed anywhere in the body section of an HTML
page. Scripts embedded in the body section are executed as part of the HTML
document when the page loads. This enables the script to begin executing
automatically as the page loads. For example, the statements shown below
demonstrate how to embed a JavaScript within the body section of an HTML page.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><BODY><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <SCRIPT TYPE="Text/JavaScript"
LANGUAGE="JavaScript" ><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
document.write("Code embedded in the body of an HTML page.");<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </SCRIPT><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></BODY><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">JavaScript can be used or embedded
more than once in the HTML pages.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><BODY><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <SCRIPT TYPE="Text/JavaScript"
LANGUAGE="JavaScript" ><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
document.write("First embedded code in the body section.");<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </SCRIPT><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <BR><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <SCRIPT
LANGUAGE="JavaScript" TYPE="Text/JavaScript"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
document.write("Second embedded code in the body section.");<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </SCRIPT><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></BODY><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span class="docemphstrong"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">Embedding the
JavaScript in <Head> and </Head> tags in HTML pages</span></span></h3>
<div class="doctext">
JavaScripts can also be placed anywhere within the head
section of your HTML pages. Unlike scripts embedded within the body section of
HTML pages, scripts embedded in the head section are not necessarily
automatically executed when the page loads. In some cases, they are executed
only when called for execution by other statements within the HTML page. Most
<b>JavaScript programmers</b> move all functions and most variables to the head
section because this ensures that they will be defined before being referenced
by scripts located in the body section of the page.</div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<b>NOTE</b></h3>
<div class="docnormaltitle">
<a href="" name="ch01note14"></a></div>
<div class="doctext">
<span class="docemphasis">Variables</span> are containers for
storing information in computer memory. <span class="docemphasis">Functions</span>
are groups of JavaScript statements that you can call to perform a specific
task. We'll talk more about the benefits of using functions and variables in
upcoming posts.</div>
<div class="doctext">
The following statements show an HTML page with a JavaScript
embedded in the head section. This script will automatically execute when the
HTML page is loaded. </div>
<pre><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><HTML><o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <HEAD><o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <TITLE>Programming Dost Home Page</TITLE><o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <SCRIPT TYPE="Text/JavaScript" LANGUAGE="JavaScript"><o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> window.alert("JavaScript is executing from the Head section");<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </SCRIPT><o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </HEAD><o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <BODY><o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </BODY><o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><HTML><o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Using
JavaScript with an External file in HTML pages </span></b></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">To store your JavaScripts in
external files, you need to save them as plain text files with a .js file
extension. You then need to add the SCR attribute to the opening <SCRIPT>
tag in your HTML page as stated here.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><SCRIPT SRC="myExternalFile.js" TYPE="Text/JavaScript"
LANGUAGE="JavaScript" > </SCRIPT><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In this example, an external
JavaScript named <b><i>myExternalFile.js</i></b> has been used. This external JavaScript can
contain any number of JavaScript statements or code. However, it cannot have
any HTML whatsoever. Otherwise you'll end up with an error. For instance, the
contents of the <b><i>myExternalFile.js</i></b> script
might be very simple as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">document.write("External JavaScript for the friends(dost)
of <a href="http://programmingdost.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">Programming Dost</a>.");<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="doctext">
There are many advantages to putting JavaScripts in externally
referenced files. For beginners, by getting JavaScripts out of your HTML pages
you make your HTML pages smaller and easier to work with. In addition, you can
reuse the JavaScripts stored as external files over and over again by
referencing them from any number of HTML pages. This way if you create a script
that you want to reference from several HTML pages, you can do so without
having to insert the same script in all HTML pages over and over again. As a plus,
should you ever want to alter the functionality of an externally stored script,
you can do it by changing the code in the external file and all is done for
you.</div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<b>NOTE</b></h3>
<div class="docnormaltitle">
<a href="" name="ch01note15"></a></div>
<div class="doctext">
There is no limit of the external file which can be called in
an HTML page. And there is not limit of code use in the external file.</div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Use
of JavaScript in the HTML tags in Web Pages</span></b></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">JavaScript can also be placed within
HTML tags, as shown in the following example.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><BODY onLoad=document.write("Hello World! From
Programming Dost")> </BODY><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In this example, the JavaScript onLoad=document.write("Hello
World! From Programming Dost ") statement has been added to the HTML <BODY>
tag. This particular JavaScript statement tells the browser to write the
enclosed text when the browser first loads the HTML page. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="doctext">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7565550733614425936.post-82933633582665001352013-10-27T06:10:00.001-07:002013-10-27T06:10:14.531-07:00JavaScript and Case Sensitivity | JavaScript Case Sensitivity<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">JavaScript
and Case Sensitivity</span></b></h3>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">It should be kept in mind the <b>JavaScript</b> is a
case sensitive <b>programming language</b> (Not like the HTML). So you should be
extremely careful about the code you embed while using JavaScript. <b>Case
sensitivity</b> means that you must type <b>JavaScript elements</b> exactly as they appear
in this book in order for them to work. For example, as far as JavaScript is
concerned, the words “variable” and “Variable” refer to two different things,
so pay special attention when typing your scripts. As for example in our
program instead of using document.write() we mistaken and used Document.write()
so our program ended with an error. So be very careful with <b>JavaScript’s case
sensitivity</b>.</span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7565550733614425936.post-55639030557555542912013-10-27T06:03:00.000-07:002013-10-27T06:11:37.353-07:00Insert JavascriptInto Html<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Integrating
JavaScript with HTML<o:p></o:p></span></span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><b>(insert javascript into html, javascript insert html after element, embed jquery in html, embed javascript in php, javascript innerhtml, jquery insert html)</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><b>JavaScript</b> is a collection of some
or many programming statements that a programmer embeds in an HTML document.
These statements will work or affect the <i>HTML</i> when they are placed in the
<script> and </script> tags. Placement of these tags is up to the
developer that where he or she wants to put them in the head section or in the
body section.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<tt><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Previously
the <i>Language </i>was used to specify the
type of the <script> tag. For example:<o:p></o:p></span></tt></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<tt><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><script </span></tt><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">LANGUAGE="JavaScript1.5"
> </script><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">According
to the <b>HTML 4.0</b> specification, the <tt><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">TYPE</span></tt> attribute is now
the proper way to go. However, you can continue to use both attributes if you
want, in order to ensure that older browsers don't get confused. When working
with <a href="http://programmingdost.blogspot.com//search/label/Learn%20JavaScript" target="_blank">JavaScripts</a>, the <tt><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">TYPE</span></tt> attribute will always be <tt><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Text/JavaScript.<o:p></o:p></span></tt></span></div>
<div class="doctext">
Another way to work with JavaScripts is to store them in
external files that have a <tt><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">.js</span></tt>
file extension and then to reference those files from within your HTML pages.
To accomplish this, you use the <tt><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">SRC</span></tt>
attribute to specify the location of an external JavaScript file. This is use full as it makes difficult for the
user to view the <b>JavaScript code</b>. It
also makes it possible to share the same JavaScripts among multiple HTML pages.
Once you have defined the opening and closing tags, you can begin placing
JavaScript statements between them. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Before writing your first program in JavaScript you should
know a little about the structure of the HTML page. If you are not so familiar
with these tags and structure please do check the<span style="background-color: white;"><a href="http://programmingdost.blogspot.com/" target="_blank"> </a><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><a href="http://programmingdost.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">Programming Dost’s Learning HTML</a> section.</span></span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><HTML><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <HEAD><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <TITLE>The
Title of the Page goes here</TITLE><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </HEAD><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <BODY><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </BODY><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></HTML><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="doctext">
This HTML page structure contains the <tt><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><HEAD></span></tt>
<tt><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></HEAD></span></tt>, <tt><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><TITLE></span></tt>
<tt><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></TITLE></span></tt>, and <tt><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><BODY></span></tt>
<tt><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></BODY></span></tt> tag sets all
wrapped inside the starting and ending <tt><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><HTML></span></tt>
<tt><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></HTML></span></tt> tag set. If
you want to do so, create your own template now. When you are done, add the
following lines inside the body section:</div>
<pre><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><SCRIPT TYPE="Text/JavaScript" LANGUAGE="JavaScript" ><o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> document.write("Hello World From <b>Programming Dost</b>");<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></SCRIPT><o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<div class="doctext">
After you put the code in the head or body tags the code will
look like:</div>
<pre><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><HTML><o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <HEAD><o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <TITLE> The Title of the Page goes here</TITLE><o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </HEAD><o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <BODY><o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <SCRIPT TYPE="Text/JavaScript" LANGUAGE="JavaScript" ><o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> document.write("Hello World From Programming Dost");<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </SCRIPT><o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </BODY><o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></HTML><o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
</span></pre>
<div class="doctext">
<b>How to test your JavaScript Code?<span style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="doctext">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="doctext">
Now that you have typed in your first script, you need to save
it. We called this script as javaScriptTutorial_1<tt><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">.html.</span></tt>
The <tt><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">HTML</span></tt> extension identifies
the page as an HTML page. Your computer uses the information in the file's
extension to associate the file with a particular application. An <tt><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">.html</span></tt>
extension tells the operating system to open its default browser and pass the
HTML file to it. Alternatively, you can use the <tt><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">.htm</span></tt>
extension, which is also recognized as an extension for HTML pages.</div>
<div class="doctext">
If you are using a full-featured HTML editor, the editor may
enable you to test your script with the click of a button like Dreamweaver or
Visual Studio etc. Because Notepad has no such automatic <b>HTML</b> testing feature, we
simply started up a browser and used it to open the javaScriptTutorial_1<tt><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">.html</span></tt>
file. The browser opened our page and ran the script.</div>
<div class="doctext">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7565550733614425936.post-85963591064438848662013-10-17T09:54:00.002-07:002014-03-19T10:42:17.835-07:00Header Files in C and C++<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 18pt;">Header files<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS4IaE1MDhm8aWS-i5ZCUWo4LMNjRxOJEMujESaN7imzoOw5J1Zynl6UB7m7cfnavsl881msRy0SM71nf8fuk3Z9eaIjc_2HeNVzBDw34BS4-5jbpxh4HCFLUAq29H_Tv63hcyd8AlrUzF/s1600/logo.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS4IaE1MDhm8aWS-i5ZCUWo4LMNjRxOJEMujESaN7imzoOw5J1Zynl6UB7m7cfnavsl881msRy0SM71nf8fuk3Z9eaIjc_2HeNVzBDw34BS4-5jbpxh4HCFLUAq29H_Tv63hcyd8AlrUzF/s1600/logo.png" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">You have already been
using a header file from day-zero. You know that we used towrite at the top
before the start of the <i>main() </i>function <b><iostream.h></b>, with ‘.h’ as
an extension, you might have got the idea that it is a header file. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Now we will see why a Header file is
used. In the previous lecture, we discussed a little bit about Function
Prototypes. One thing is Declaration and other is Definition. Declaration can
also be called as ‘<b>Prototype</b>’. Normally, if we have lot of functions and want
to use them in some other function or program, then we are left with only one
way i.e. to list the prototypes of all of them before the body of the function
or program and they use them inside the function or program. But for frequent
functions inside a program, this technique increases the complexity (of a
program). This problem can be overcome by putting all these function prototypes
in one file and writing a simple line of code for including the file in the
program. This code line will indicate that this is the file, suppose 'area.h'
containing all the prototypes of the used functions and see the prototypes from
that file. This is the basic concept of a header file.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">So what we can do is: Make our own
header file which is usually a simple text </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">file with '.h'
extension ('.h' extension is not mandatory but it is
but it is a rule of good programming practice).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Write function prototypes inside that
file. (Recall that prototype is just a simple line of code containing return
value, function name and an argument list of data types with semi-colon at the
end.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">That file can be included in your won
program by using the ‘#inclue’ directive and that would be similar to
explicitly writing that list of function prototypes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Function prototypes</b> are not the only
thing that can be put into a <b>header file</b>. If we use the standard variables like ‘pi’ which is equal to
3.1415926 in a file and then include the file as a header file we will be able
to use the variable ‘pi’ in any file which includes the containing file,
without specifying every time the value of ‘pi’. It would be nice, if we can
assign meaningful names to them. There are two benefits of doing this. See, we
could have declared a variable of type double inside the program and given a
name like ‘pi’:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">double pi = 3.1415926;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Then everywhere in the subsequent
calculations we can use 'pi'. But it is better to pre-define the value of the
constant in a header file (one set for all) and simply including that header
file, the constant ‘pi’, is defined. Now, this meaningful name ‘pi’ cab be used
in all calculations instead of writing the horrendous number 3.1415926 again
and again.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">T</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">here are some
<b>preprocessor directives</b> which we are going to cover later. Moment, we will discuss about ‘#define’ only. We define the
constants using this preprocessor directive as: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><b>#define pi 3.1415926</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The above line des a funny thing as it
is not creating a variable. Rather it associates a name with a value which can
be used inside the program exactly like a variable. (Why it is not a variable?,
because you can’t use it on the left hand side of any assignment.). Basically,
it is a short hand, what actually happens. You defined the value of the ‘pi’
with ‘<b>#difine</b>’ directive and then started using ‘pi’ symbol in your program.
Now we will see what a compiler does when it is handed over the program after
the writing process. Wherever it finds the symbol ‘pi’, replaces the symbol
with the value 3.1415926 and finally compiles the program. Thus, in compilation
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">process
the symbols or constants are replaced with actual values of them. But for us as
human beings, it is quite readable to see the symbol ‘pi’. Additionally, if we
use meaningful names for variables and see a line ‘2 * pi * radius’, it becomes
obvious that circumference of a circle is being calculated. Note that in the
above statement, ‘2 * pi * radius’; 2 is used as a
number as we did not define any constant for it. We have defined ‘pi’
and ‘radius’ but defining 2 would be over killing.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7565550733614425936.post-5736557740675079062013-10-17T09:51:00.001-07:002014-03-19T10:49:16.036-07:00Useful Things for Functions in Programming<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Return-value_type:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS4IaE1MDhm8aWS-i5ZCUWo4LMNjRxOJEMujESaN7imzoOw5J1Zynl6UB7m7cfnavsl881msRy0SM71nf8fuk3Z9eaIjc_2HeNVzBDw34BS4-5jbpxh4HCFLUAq29H_Tv63hcyd8AlrUzF/s1600/logo.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS4IaE1MDhm8aWS-i5ZCUWo4LMNjRxOJEMujESaN7imzoOw5J1Zynl6UB7m7cfnavsl881msRy0SM71nf8fuk3Z9eaIjc_2HeNVzBDw34BS4-5jbpxh4HCFLUAq29H_Tv63hcyd8AlrUzF/s1600/logo.png" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Function may or may not return a value. If a
function returns a value, that must be of a valid data type. This can only be
one data type that means if a<b> function returns</b> an int data type than it can
only return int and not char or float. Return type may be int, float, char or
any other valid data type. How can we return some value from a function? The
keyword is <i>return</i> which is used to return
some value from the function. It does two things, returns some value to the
calling program and also exits from the function. It does two things, returns
some value to the calling program and also exits from the function. We can only
return a value (a variable or an expression which evaluates to some value) from
a function. The data type of the returning variable should match <i>return_value_type </i>data type.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">There may be some
functions which do not return any value. For such functions, the <i>return_value_type</i> is <b>void. </b>‘void’ is a keyword of ‘C’
language. The default <i>return_value_type</i>
is of data type i.e. if we do not mention any <i><b>return_value_type</b> </i>with a function; it will return an int value.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;">Function-name: <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The same rules of variable naming
conventions are applied to functions name. Function name should be
self-explanatory like square, squareRoot, circleArea etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;">Argument-list:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Argument
list contains the information which we pass to the function. Some <b>function </b>does
not need any information to perform the task. In this case, the argument list
for such functions will be empty. Arguments to a function are of valid data
type like int number, double radius etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;">Declarations and
Statements:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">This is the body of the function. It
consists of <b>declarations </b></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>and statements</b>. The task of the function
is performed in the body of the function.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">//The function multiplies an integers to
itself and returns the result<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Int multiply(int my_number)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">{<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> Int
my_result = 0;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> my_result
= my_number * my_number;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> return
result;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">}<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 18pt;">Calling
Mechanism: <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">How a program can use
a function? It is very simple. The calling program just needs to write the
function name and provide its arguments (without data types). It is important
to note that while calling a function, we don’t write the return value data
type or the data types of arguments. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7565550733614425936.post-69327739920548840622013-10-17T09:47:00.002-07:002014-03-19T10:44:12.453-07:00Scope of Identifiers in a Function<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Scope of
Identifiers</span></b><span style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS4IaE1MDhm8aWS-i5ZCUWo4LMNjRxOJEMujESaN7imzoOw5J1Zynl6UB7m7cfnavsl881msRy0SM71nf8fuk3Z9eaIjc_2HeNVzBDw34BS4-5jbpxh4HCFLUAq29H_Tv63hcyd8AlrUzF/s1600/logo.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS4IaE1MDhm8aWS-i5ZCUWo4LMNjRxOJEMujESaN7imzoOw5J1Zynl6UB7m7cfnavsl881msRy0SM71nf8fuk3Z9eaIjc_2HeNVzBDw34BS4-5jbpxh4HCFLUAq29H_Tv63hcyd8AlrUzF/s1600/logo.png" height="200" width="168" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">An 'Identifier' means any name </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">that
the user creates in his/her program. These names can
be of variables, functions and labels. Here the scope of an identifier
means its visibility. We will focus Scope of
Variables in our discussion.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Suppose we write the function:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">void func1() {<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">int i;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">…….. //Some other lines of code<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">int j = i+2; //Perfectly alright<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. . .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">}<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Now this variable ‘i’ can be used in any
statement inside the function func1(). But consider this variable being used in
a different function like:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">void func2() { <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">int k = i +
4; //Compilation error<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. . .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">}<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The variable ‘i’ belongs to func1() and
is not visible outside that. In other words, ‘i’ is local to func1().To
understand the concept of scope further, we have to see what are <b>Code Blocks</b>?
A code block begins with ‘{‘ and ends with ‘}’.Therefore, the body of a
function is essentially a code block. Nonetheless, inside a function there can
be another block of code like '<a href="http://programmingdost.blogspot.com/2013/10/for-loop-for-loop-in-programming.html" target="_blank">for loop'</a> and '<a href="http://programmingdost.blogspot.com/2013/09/do-while-loop.html" target="_blank">while loop</a>' </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">can
have their own blocks of code respectively. Therefore,
there can be a hierarchy of code blocks.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">A variable declared inside a code block
becomes the local variable for that for that block. It is not visible outside
that block. See the code below:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">void func() {<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> int
outer; //Function level scope<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> .
. .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> {<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> Int </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">inner; //Code block level scope<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> inner
= outer; //No problem<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> . . .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> }<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">inner ++; //Compilation error<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">}<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Please note that variable ‘outer’ is
declared at function level </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">scope and variable ‘inner’ is declared at block level scope.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The ‘inner’ variable declared inside the
inner code block is not visible outside it. In other words, it is at inner code
block scope level. If we want to access that variable outside its code block, a
compilation error may occur. </span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7565550733614425936.post-61779163817718286732013-10-17T09:43:00.000-07:002014-03-19T10:42:41.975-07:00Declaration and Definition of a Function<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 18pt;">D</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt;">eclaration and
Definition of a Function<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS4IaE1MDhm8aWS-i5ZCUWo4LMNjRxOJEMujESaN7imzoOw5J1Zynl6UB7m7cfnavsl881msRy0SM71nf8fuk3Z9eaIjc_2HeNVzBDw34BS4-5jbpxh4HCFLUAq29H_Tv63hcyd8AlrUzF/s1600/logo.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS4IaE1MDhm8aWS-i5ZCUWo4LMNjRxOJEMujESaN7imzoOw5J1Zynl6UB7m7cfnavsl881msRy0SM71nf8fuk3Z9eaIjc_2HeNVzBDw34BS4-5jbpxh4HCFLUAq29H_Tv63hcyd8AlrUzF/s1600/logo.png" height="200" width="168" /></a></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><b>Declaration and
definition</b> are two different things. Declaration is the prototype of the
function, that includes the return type, name and argument list to the function
and definition is the actual function code. <b>Declaration of a function</b> is also
known as signature of a function. As we declare a variable like <i>int x; </i>before
using it in our program, similarly we need to declare function before using it.
<b>Declaration and definition of a function</b> can be combined together if we write
the complete function before the calling function. Then we don’t need to
declare it explicitly. If we have written all of our functions in a different
file and we call these functions from <i>mani()
</i>which is written in a defferent file. In this </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">case, the <i>main(
) </i>will not be compiled unless it knows about the <b>functions declaration</b>.
There we write the declaration of functions before the <i>main() </i>function. Function declaration is a one line
statement in which we write the return type, name of the function and the data
type of arguments. Name of the arguments is not necessary. The definition of
the function contains the complete code of the function. It starts with the declaration
statement with the addition that in definition, we do write the names of the
arguments. After this, we write an opening brace and then all the statements,
followed by a closing brace.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">If the
function square is defined in a separate file or after the calling function,
then we need to declare it:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Delaration:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Double
square (double);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Definition:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Double square (double number)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">{<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> return
(my_num * my_num);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">}<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Here
is the complete code to elaborate the topic more:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">#include
<iostream.h><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">//Here we are
declaring the function.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">double
square(double);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">main(){<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> double num, result;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> result = 0;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> num = 0;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> cout<<”Please Enter a Number
to calculate the square of.”;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> cin>>num;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> //now we are going to call the
function <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> result = square (num);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> cout <<”The square of
”<<num<<”is”<<result;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">// function to calculate the square of a
number<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> double square ( double num) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">{ <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">return (num *
num ) ;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">}<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">}<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">A </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">function in a
calling program can take place as a stand-alone statement, on hand side of a statement. This can be a part of an assignment
expression.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7565550733614425936.post-23448492326785888432013-10-17T09:39:00.004-07:002014-03-19T10:44:28.630-07:00Functions in C and C++ Programming<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Functions in Programming <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS4IaE1MDhm8aWS-i5ZCUWo4LMNjRxOJEMujESaN7imzoOw5J1Zynl6UB7m7cfnavsl881msRy0SM71nf8fuk3Z9eaIjc_2HeNVzBDw34BS4-5jbpxh4HCFLUAq29H_Tv63hcyd8AlrUzF/s1600/logo.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS4IaE1MDhm8aWS-i5ZCUWo4LMNjRxOJEMujESaN7imzoOw5J1Zynl6UB7m7cfnavsl881msRy0SM71nf8fuk3Z9eaIjc_2HeNVzBDw34BS4-5jbpxh4HCFLUAq29H_Tv63hcyd8AlrUzF/s1600/logo.png" height="200" width="168" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The
functions are like subtasks. They receive some information, do some procedure
and provide a result. Functions are invoked through a calling program. Calling
program does not require to know what the function is doing and how it is
performing its task. There is a specific function-calling methodology. The
calling program calls a function by giving it some information and receives the
result.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">We have
a main () in every C program. ‘main()’ is also a function. When we write a
function, it must start with a name, parentheses, and surrounding braces just
like with main(). Functions are very important in code reusing. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">There
are two categories of functions:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Functions
that return a value<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Functions
that do not return a value<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Suppose,
we have a function that calculates the square of an integer such that function
will return the square of the integer. Similarly we may have a function which
displays some information on the screen so this function is not supposed to
return any value to the calling program.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">A
Function Structure<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The
declaration syntax of a function is as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Return-value-type
<i>function-name </i>(argument-list)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">{<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> Declarations and statements<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">}<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 115%;">The first line is the function header
and the declaration and statement part is t</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 115%;">he body of the
function.</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7565550733614425936.post-84447058889529952892013-10-17T09:36:00.003-07:002014-03-19T10:43:07.346-07:00Goto Statement in Programming<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">“goto” Statement<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS4IaE1MDhm8aWS-i5ZCUWo4LMNjRxOJEMujESaN7imzoOw5J1Zynl6UB7m7cfnavsl881msRy0SM71nf8fuk3Z9eaIjc_2HeNVzBDw34BS4-5jbpxh4HCFLUAq29H_Tv63hcyd8AlrUzF/s1600/logo.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS4IaE1MDhm8aWS-i5ZCUWo4LMNjRxOJEMujESaN7imzoOw5J1Zynl6UB7m7cfnavsl881msRy0SM71nf8fuk3Z9eaIjc_2HeNVzBDw34BS4-5jbpxh4HCFLUAq29H_Tv63hcyd8AlrUzF/s1600/logo.png" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Up to now we have covered the basic programming constructs.
These include sequences, decisions and repetition structures (i.e. loops). In
sequences, we use the simple statements in a sequence i.e. one after the other.
In decisions construct we use the <i>if
statement, <a href="http://programmingdost.blogspot.com/2013/09/if-else-statement.html" target="_blank">if/else statement</a>, </i>the multi way decision construct (i.e. the <i><a href="http://programmingdost.blogspot.com/2013/10/switch-statement-in-programming.html" target="_blank">switch statement</a></i>). And in repetition
structures, we use the <i>while, <a href="http://programmingdost.blogspot.com/2013/09/do-while-loop.html" target="_blank">do-while</a></i>
and<a href="http://programmingdost.blogspot.com/2013/10/for-loop-for-loop-in-programming.html" target="_blank"> <i>for</i> loop</a>s.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sometime ago, two computer scientists Gome and
Jacopi proved that any program can be written with the help of these three
constructs (i.e. sequences, decisions and loops).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">There is a statement in the computer languages
COBOL, FORTRAN and C. This statement is <b><i>goto
</i>statement</b> is used to jump the control anywhere (back and forth) in a
program. In legacy programming, the programs written in COBOL and FORTRAN languages
have many unconditional branches of execution. To understand and decode such
programs that contain unconditional branches is almost impossible. In such
programs, it is very difficult, for a programmer, to keep the track of
execution as the control jumps from one place to the other and from there to
anywhere else. We call this kind of traditional code as <b>spagatti code</b>. It is
very difficult to trace out the way of execution and figure out what the
program is doing. And debugging and modifying such programs is very difficult.
When structured programming was started, it was urged not to use the <b><i>goto </i>statement</b>.
Though <i>goto </i>is there in C language but we will not use it in our
programs. We will adopt the structured approach. All of our programs will consist
of sequences, decisions and loops.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7565550733614425936.post-5502189807939364602013-10-17T09:12:00.003-07:002014-03-19T10:44:51.997-07:00Continue Statement in C Programming<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;">Continue Statement<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;">(</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">continue statement in c, continue statement in java, continue statement python, continue statement php, continue statement in c programming)</span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS4IaE1MDhm8aWS-i5ZCUWo4LMNjRxOJEMujESaN7imzoOw5J1Zynl6UB7m7cfnavsl881msRy0SM71nf8fuk3Z9eaIjc_2HeNVzBDw34BS4-5jbpxh4HCFLUAq29H_Tv63hcyd8AlrUzF/s1600/logo.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS4IaE1MDhm8aWS-i5ZCUWo4LMNjRxOJEMujESaN7imzoOw5J1Zynl6UB7m7cfnavsl881msRy0SM71nf8fuk3Z9eaIjc_2HeNVzBDw34BS4-5jbpxh4HCFLUAq29H_Tv63hcyd8AlrUzF/s1600/logo.png" height="200" width="168" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">There is another
statement relating to loops. This is the <b><i>continue</i>
statement</b>. Sometimes we have a lot of code in the body of a loop. The early
part of this code is common that is to be executed every time (i.e. in every
iteration of loop) and the remaining portion is to be executed in certain cases
and may not be executed in other cases. But the loop should be continuous. For
this purpose, we use the<b> <i>continue</i>
statement</b>. Like the <a href="http://programmingdost.blogspot.com/2013/10/break-statement-in-programming.html" target="_blank"><i>break</i> statement</a>,
the <b><i>continue</i> statement</b> is written in
a single line. We write it as<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> Continue;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> The <i>continue</i>
forces the immediate next iteration </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">of the loop. So the statements of the
loop body after continue are not executed. The loop starts from the next
iteration when a <i>continue</i> statement
is encountered in the body of a loop. One can witness very subtle things while
using <i>continue.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Consider the <i>while
</i>loop. In <i>while </i>loop, we change the value of the v</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">ariable of <a href="http://programmingdost.blogspot.com/2013/09/do-while-loop.html" target="_blank"><i>while</i> condition</a> so that it could make the
condition false to exit the loop. Otherwise, the loop will become an infinite
one. We should be very careful about the logic of the program while using <i>continue</i>
in a loop. Before the <i>continue</i> in a loop. Before the<b> <i>continue</i>
statement</b>, it is necessary to change (increment/decrement) the value of the
variable on which the <i>while</i> condition depends. Similarly it is same with
the do-while loop. Be careful to increment or decrement the conditional
variable before the <i>continue</i> statement. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">In <i>for</i>
loop, there is a difference. In a <i>while</i> loop when <i>continue</i> is
encountered, the control goes to the while statement and the condition is
checked. If condition is true the loop is executed again else the loop exits.
In a <i>for</i> loop, the three things i.e. initialization, condition and
increment/decrement are enclosed together as we write <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">for
(counter_variable = 0; counter_variable
<=5; counter_variable++).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">In the
<i>for</i> loop when a <i>continue</i> is encountered, the counter_variable
(i.e. loop variable) is incremented at first before the execution of the loop
condition. Thus, in <i>for loop </i>the increment to the loop variable is built
in and after <i>continue </i>the next iteration of the loop is executed by
incrementing the loop variable. The condition is checked with the incremented
value of the loop variable. In <i>while</i> and <i>do-while </i>loop, it is our
responsibility to increment the value of the loop variable to test the
condition. In a <i>for</i> loop, the <i>continue</i> automatically forces this
increment of value before going to check the condition. </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0